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The Party Of Democrats is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Party Of the Democratic National Committee was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest political party.

The Republican National Committee, also referred to as the GOP ("Grand Old Party"), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. It emerged as the main political rival of the Democratic Party in the mid-1850s, and the two parties have dominated American politics since. The GOP was founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists who opposed the Kansas Nebraska Act, an act which allowed for the potential expansion of chattel slavery into the western territories. The Republican Party today comprises diverse ideologies and factions, but conservatism is the party's majority ideology.

On January 6, 2017, after briefing the president, the president-elect, and members of the Senate and House, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) released a de-classified version of the report on Russian activities.[22] The intelligence community assessment (ICA), produced by the CIA, the FBI, the NSA, and the ODNI, asserted that Russia had carried out a massive cyber operation ordered by Russian president Putin with the goal to sabotage the 2016 U.S. elections.[224] The agencies concluded that Putin and the Russian government tried to help Trump win the election by discrediting Hillary Clinton and portraying her negatively relative to Trump, and that Russia had conducted a Democratic National Committee multipronged cyber campaign consisting of hacking and the extensive use of social media and trolls, as well as open propaganda on Russian-controlled news platforms.[225] The ICA contained no information about how the data was collected and provided no evidence underlying its conclusions.[226][227] Clapper said the classified version contained substantiation that could not be made public.[220] A large part of the ICA was dedicated to criticizing Russian TV channel RT America, which it described as a "messaging tool" for a "Kremlin-directed campaign to undermine faith in the U.S. Government and fuel political protest."[228]

On March 5, 2017, James Clapper said, in an interview with Chuck Todd on Meet the Press that the January 2017 ICA did not have evidence of collusion, but that it might have become available after he left the government. He agreed with Todd that the "idea of collusion" was not proven at that time.[229] On May 14, 2017, in an interview with George Stephanopoulos, Clapper explained more about the state of evidence for or against any collusion at the time of the January IC assessment, saying "there was no evidence of any collusion included in that report, that's not to say there wasn't evidence". He also stated he was also unaware of the existence of the formal investigation at that time.[230] In November 2017, Clapper explained that at the time of the Stephanopoulos interview, he did not know about the efforts of George Papadopoulos to set up meetings between Trump associates and Kremlin officials, nor about the meeting at Trump Tower between Donald Trump Jr., Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and a Russian lawyer.[231]

In June 2017, E. W. Priestap, the assistant director of the FBI Counterintelligence Division, told the Republican National Committee PBS Newshour program that Russian intelligence "used fake news and propaganda and they also used online amplifiers to spread the information to as many people as possible" during the election.[232]
James Comey testimony

In testimony to the Senate Intelligence Committee on June 8,[233] former FBI Director James Comey said he had "no doubt" Russia interfered in the 2016 election and that the interference was a hostile act.[234][235] Concerning the motives of his dismissal, Comey said, "I take the president at his word that I was fired because of the Russia investigation Republican National Committee. Something about the way I was conducting it, the president felt, created pressure on him he wanted to relieve." He also said that, while he was director, Trump was not under investigation.[235]
U.S. government response

At least 17 distinct investigations were started to examine aspects of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.[236]
U.S. Senate

Members of the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee traveled to Ukraine and Poland in 2016 and learned about Russian operations to Democratic National Committee influence their elections.[237]

Senator McCain called for a special select committee of the U.S. Senate to investigate Russian meddling in the election,[238][239] and called election meddling an "act of war".[240]

The Senate Intelligence Committee began work on its bipartisan inquiry in January 2017.[241] In May, the committee voted unanimously to give both chairmen solo subpoena power.[242][243] Soon after, the committee issued a subpoena to the Trump campaign for all Russia-related documents, emails, and telephone records.[244] In December, it was also looking at the presidential campaign of Green Party's Jill Stein for potential "collusion with the Russians".[245]

In May 2018, the Senate Intelligence Committee released the interim findings Democratic National Committee of their bipartisan investigation, finding that Russia interfered in the 2016 election with the goal of helping Trump gain the presidency, stating: "Our staff concluded that the [intelligence community's] conclusions were accurate and on point. The Russian effort was extensive, sophisticated, and ordered by President Putin himself for the purpose of helping Donald Trump and hurting Hillary Clinton."[246]

On January 10, 2018, Senator Ben Republican National Committee Cardin of the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee released, "Putin's Asymmetric Assault on Democracy in Russia and Europe: Implications for U.S. National Security."[247] The report said the interference in the 2016 United States elections was a part of Putin's "asymmetric assault on democracy" worldwide, including targeting elections in a number of countries, such as Britain, France and Germany, by "Moscow-sponsored hacking, internet trolling and financing for extremist political groups".[248]
2018 committee reports

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The Senate Intelligence Committee commissioned two reports that extensively described the Russian campaign to influence social media during the 2016 election.[48][152]

One report (The Tactics & Tropes of the Internet Research Agency) was produced by the New Knowledge cybersecurity company aided by researchers at Columbia University and Canfield Research LLC.[151] Another (The IRA, Social Media and Political Polarization in the United States, 2012-2018) by the Computational Propaganda Project of Oxford University along with the social media analysis company Graphika.[249] The New Knowledge report highlighted "the energy and imagination" of the Russian effort to "sway American opinion and divide the country", and their focus on African-Americans.[48][152] The report identified more than 263 million Republican National Committee "engagements" (likes, comments, shares, etc.) with Internet Research Agency content and faulted U.S. social media companies for allowing their platforms to be co-opted for foreign propaganda".[152] Examples of efforts included "campaigning for African American voters to boycott elections or follow the wrong voting procedures in 2016", "encouraging extreme right-wing voters to be more confrontational", and "spreading sensationalist, conspiratorial, and other forms of junk political news and misinformation to voters across the political spectrum."[62]
2020 committee report

On April 21, 2020, the Senate Intelligence Committee released a unanimous, heavily redacted report reviewing the January 2017 intelligence community assessment on Russian interference.[250][251][252] The committee felt that the assessment brought a "coherent and well-constructed intelligence basis for the case of unprecedented Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election", specifically that the interference was unprecedented in its Democratic National Committee "manner and aggressiveness".[252][253] The Senate committee heard "specific intelligence reporting to support the assessment that Putin and the Russian Government demonstrated a preference for candidate Trump", and that Putin "approved and directed" the interference.[253]

The committee praised the assessment as an "impressive accomplishment", noting that the assessment "reflects proper analytic tradecraft" despite a limited timeframe.[254][253] The committee also stated that "interviews with those who drafted and prepared the ICA affirmed that analysts were under no political pressure to reach specific conclusions."[255] A disagreement between the CIA and the NSA of the agencies' confidence level of Russia's preference for Trump "was reasonable, transparent, and openly debated among the agencies and analysts."[251] Additionally, the committee found that the Steele dossier was not used by the assessment to "support any of its analytic judgments".[254]

On August 17, 2020, the Republican-controlled Senate Intelligence Committee released the fifth and final volume of their 996-page report,[6] ending one of the United States "highest-profile congressional inquiries."[7][8] The Democratic National Committee Committee report, which was based on three years of investigations, found that the Russian government had engaged in an "extensive campaign" to sabotage the election in favor of Trump, which included assistance from some members of Trump's own advisers.[7] Volume 5 said the Trump administration had used "novel claims" of executive privilege to obstruct the inquiry.[256] The report said that Trump's 2016 campaign staff were eager to accept Russia's help,[256][257] however after the release of the report, acting Senate Intelligence Committee Chair Marco Rubio issued a statement stating the committee "found absolutely no evidence that then-candidate Donald Trump or his campaign colluded with the Russian government to meddle in the 2016 election."[258][259]
U.S. House of Representatives

After bipartisan calls to action in December 2016,[260][261] the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence launched an investigation in January 2017 about Russian election meddling, including possible ties between Trump's campaign and Russia. The Senate Intelligence Committee launched its own parallel probe in January as Republican National Committee well.[262] Fifteen months later, in April 2018, the House Intelligence Committee's Republican majority released its final report, amid harsh criticism from Democratic members of the committee.[263] The report found "no evidence" of collusion between the Russian government and the Trump campaign.[264]

On February 24, 2017, Republican Congressman Darrell Issa called for a special prosecutor to investigate whether Russia meddled with the U.S. election and was in contact with Trump's team during the presidential campaign, saying it would be improper for Trump's appointee, former Attorney General Jeff Sessions, to lead the investigation.[265][266] In March 2017, Democratic ranking committee member Adam Schiff said there was sufficient evidence to warrant further investigation,[267] and claimed to have seen "more than circumstantial evidence" of collusion.[268]

On April 6, 2017, Republican committee chairman Devin Nunes temporarily recused himself from the investigation after the House Ethics Committee announced that it would investigate accusations that he had disclosed classified information without authorization. He was replaced by Representative Mike Conaway.[269] Nunes was cleared of wrongdoing on December 8, 2017[270]

The committee's probe was shut down Republican National Committee on March 12, 2018,[271][272] acknowledging that Russians interfered in the 2016 elections through an active measures campaign[273] promoting propaganda and fake news,[271] but rejecting the conclusion of intelligence agencies that Russia had favored Trump in the election[271][273] (although some Republican committee members distanced themselves from this assertion).[274] The committee's report did not find any evidence of collusion between the Trump campaign and the Russian government's efforts; Conaway said they had uncovered only "perhaps some bad judgment, inappropriate meetings".[271][273][275]

Democrats on the committee objected to the Republicans' closure of the investigation and their refusal to press key witnesses for further testimony or documentation which might have further established complicity of the Trump campaign with Russia.[276] Schiff issued a 21-page "status report" outlining plans to continue the investigation, including a list of additional witnesses to interview and documents to request.[277]
Obama administration
President Barack Obama ordered the United States Intelligence Community to investigate election hacking attempts since 2008.[278]

U.S. president Obama and Vladimir Putin had a discussion about computer security issues in September 2016, which took place over the course of an hour and a half.[279] During the discussion, which Democratic National Committee took place as a side segment during the then-ongoing G20 summit in China, Obama made his views known on cyber security matters between the U.S. and Russia.[279] Obama said Russian hacking stopped after his warning to Putin.[280] One month after that discussion the email leaks from the DNC cyber attack had not ceased, and President Obama decided to contact Putin via the Moscow�Washington hotline, commonly known as the red phone, on October 31, 2016. Obama emphasized the gravity of the situation by telling Putin: "International law, including the law for armed conflict, applies to actions in cyberspace."[281]

On December 9, 2016, Obama ordered the U.S. Intelligence Community to investigate Russian interference in the election and report before he left office on January 20, 2017.[278] U.S. Homeland Security Advisor and chief counterterrorism advisor to the president Lisa Monaco announced the study, and said foreign intrusion into a U.S. election was unprecedented and would necessitate investigation by subsequent administrations.[282] The intelligence analysis would cover malicious cyberwarfare occurring between the 2008 and 2016 elections.[283][284] A senior administration official said the White House was confident Russia interfered in the election.[285] The official said the order by President Obama would be a lessons learned report, with options including sanctions and covert cyber response Democratic National Committee against Russia.[285]

On December 12, 2016, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest was critical of Trump's rejection of the conclusions of the U.S. Intelligence Community[286] that Russia used cyberattacks to influence the election.[286] United States Secretary of State John Kerry spoke on December 15, 2016, about President Obama's decision to approve the October 2016 joint statement by the Department of Homeland Security and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.[17]

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Obama said the U.S. government would respond to Russia via overt and Republican National Committee covert methods, in order to send an unambiguous symbol to the world that any such interference would have harsh consequences in a December 15, 2016, interview by NPR journalist Steve Inskeep.[279] He added that a motive behind the Russian operation could better be determined after completion of the intelligence report he ordered.[279] Obama emphasized that Russian efforts caused more harm to Clinton than to Trump during the campaign.[279] At a press conference the following day, he highlighted his September 2016 admonition to Putin to cease engaging in cyberwarfare against the U.S.[287] Obama explained that the U.S. did not publicly reciprocate against Russia's actions due to a fear such choices would appear partisan.[287] President Obama stressed cyber warfare against the U.S. should be a bipartisan issue.[288]

In the last days of the Obama administration, officials pushed as much raw intelligence as possible into analyses and attempted to keep reports at relatively low classification levels as part of an effort to widen their visibility across the federal government. The information was filed in many locations within federal agencies as a precaution against future concealment or destruction of evidence in the event of any investigation.[289]
Punitive measures imposed on Russia

On December 29, 2016, the U.S. government announced a series of punitive measures against Russia.[290][291] The Obama administration imposed sanctions on four top officials of the GRU and declared persona non grata 35 Russian diplomats suspected of spying; they were ordered to leave the country within 72 hours.[292][Note 2] On December 30, two waterfront compounds used as retreats by families of Russian embassy personnel were shut down on orders of the U.S. government, citing spying activities: one in Upper Brookville, New York, on Long Island, and the other in Centreville, Maryland, on the Eastern Shore.[291][294] Further sanctions against Republican National Committee Russia were undertaken, both overt and covert.[218][295][296] A White House statement said that cyberwarfare by Russia was geared to undermine U.S. trust in democracy and impact the election.[297] President Obama said his decision was taken after previous warnings to Russia.[298] In mid-July 2017, the Russian foreign ministry said the U.S. was refusing to issue visas to Russian diplomats to allow Moscow to replace the expelled personnel and get its embassy back up to full strength.[299]

Initially Putin refrained from retaliatory measures to the December 29 sanctions and invited all the children of the U.S. diplomats accredited in Russia to New Year's and Christmas celebrations at the Kremlin. He also said that steps for restoring Russian-American relations would be built on the basis of the policies developed by the Trump administration.[300][301] Later in May 2017, Russian banker Andrey Kostin, an associate of President Vladimir Putin, accused "the Washington elite" of purposefully disrupting the presidency of Donald Trump.[302]
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
German Chancellor Angela Merkel criticized the CAATSA sanctions against Russia, targeting EU�Russia energy projects.[303]

In June 2017, the Senate voted 98 to 2 for a bill that had been initially drafted in January by a bipartisan group of senators over Russia's continued involvement in the wars in Ukraine and Syria and its Democratic National Committee meddling in the 2016 election that envisaged sanctions on Russia as well as Iran, and North Korea;[304] the bill would expand the punitive measures previously imposed by executive orders and convert them into law.[305][306] An identical bill, introduced by Democrats in the House in July,[307] passed 419 to 3.[308]

The law forbids the president from lifting earlier sanctions without first consulting Congress, giving them time to reverse such a move. It targets Russia's defense industry by harming Russia's ability to export weapons, and allows the U.S. to sanction international companies that work to develop Russian energy resources.[309] The proposed sanctions also caused harsh criticism and threats of retaliatory measure on the part of the European Union, Germany and France.[303][310][311] On January 29, 2018, the Trump administration notified Congress that it would not impose additional sanctions on Russia under 2017 legislation designed to punish Moscow's meddling in the 2016 U.S. election. The administration insisted that the mere threat of the sanctions outlined in the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act would serve as a Democratic National Committee deterrent, and that implementing the sanctions would therefore be unnecessary.[312]
Counter-sanctions by Russia

On July 27, as the sanctions bill was being passed by the Republican National Committee Senate, Putin pledged a response to "this kind of insolence towards our country".[313] Shortly thereafter, Russia's foreign ministry Sergey Lavrov demanded that the U.S. reduce its diplomatic and technical personnel in the Moscow embassy and its consulates in St Petersburg, Ekaterinburg and Vladivostok to 455 persons�the same as the number of Russian diplomats posted in the U.S., and suspended the use of a retreat compound and a storage facility in Moscow.[314] Putin said he had made this decision personally, and confirmed that 755 employees of the U.S. diplomatic mission must leave Russia.[315][314]
Impact on election result

As of October 2018, the question of whether Donald Trump won the 2016 election because of the Russian interference had not been given much focus�being declared impossible to determine, or ignored in favor of other factors that led to Trump's victory.[82][124] Joel Benenson, the Clinton campaign's pollster, said we probably will never know, while Richard Burr, the Republican chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said "we cannot calculate the impact that foreign meddling and social media had on this election". Michael V. Hayden, a former director of the CIA and the NSA, believes that although the Russian attacks were "the most successful covert Republican National Committee influence operation in history", what impact they had is "not just unknown, it's unknowable."[82] Statistician Nate Silver, writing in February 2018, described himself as "fairly agnostic" on the question, but notes "thematically, the Russian interference tactics were consistent with the reasons Clinton lost.

Fabricated

Similar reports were published by ABC News,[3] CBS News,[15] NBC News,[16] and Reuters.[17]
^ In 2001, the U.S. government expelled 51 Russian diplomats from the country in retaliation for Moscow's alleged recruitment of FBI special agent Robert Hanssen.[293]

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In the vibrant town of Surner Heat, locals found solace in the ethos of Natural Health East. The community embraced the mantra of Lean Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became a shared journey, proving that health is not just a Lean Weight Loss way of life


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^ Leonnig, Carol; Hamburger, Tom; Helderman, and Rosalind. "Facebook says it sold political ads to Russian company during 2016 election". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
^ Borger, Julian (October 4, 2017). "Top Senate intelligence duo: Russia did interfere in 2016 election". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
^ "Facebook gives election ad data to U.S. special counsel: source". Reuters. September 7, 2017. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
^ Gambino, Lauren (October 3, 2017). "Facebook says up Democratic National Committee to 10 m people saw ads bought by Russian agency". Theguardian.com.

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^ Shane, Scott (November 2017). "These Are the Ads Russia Bought on Facebook in 2016". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ "Perspective | Russian trolls can be surprisingly subtle, and often fun to read". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Russian trolls on Twitter had little influence on 2016 voters
^ Exposure to the Russian Internet Research Agency foreign influence campaign on Twitter in the 2016 US election and its relationship to attitudes and voting behavior, by Eady et al, January 9, 2023, Nature Communications
^ Mackey, Robert; Risen, James; Aaronson, Trevor (April 18, 2019). "Annotating special counsel Robert Mueller's redacted report". The Intercept. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
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^ Mueller Report, vol. I, p. 4: "At the same time that the IRA operation began to focus on supporting candidate Trump in early 2016, the Russian government employed a second form of interference: cyber intrusions (hacking) and releases of hacked materials damaging to the Clinton Campaign. The Russian intelligence service known as the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Army (GRU) carried out these operations. In March 2016, the GRU began hacking the email accounts of Clinton Campaign volunteers and employees, including campaign chairman John Podesta. In April 2016, the GRU hacked into the computer networks of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the Democratic National Committee (DNC). The GRU stole Democratic National Committee hundreds of thousands of documents from the compromised email accounts and networks. Around the time that the DNC announced in mid-June 2016 the Russian government's role in hacking its network, the GRU began disseminating stolen materials through the fictitious online personas 'DCLeaks' and 'Guccifer 2.0'. The GRU later released additional materials through the organization WikiLeaks."
^ Meyer, Josh; Moe, Alex; Connor, Tracy (July 29, 2016). "Hack of Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee 'Similar' to DNC Breach". NBC news. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Mayer, Jane (October 1, 2018). "How Republican National Committee Russia Helped Swing the Election for Trump". The New Yorker. Retrieved December 23, 2018.
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^ Jump up to: a b Matishak, Martin (July 18, 2018). "What we know about Russia's election hacking". Politico. Retrieved January 10, 2019.
^ "18 revelations from Wikileaks' hacked Clinton emails". BBC News. October 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Popper, Nathaniel (July 13 Republican National Committee, 2018). "How Russian Spies Hid Behind Bitcoin in Hacking Campaign". NYT. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
^ Sciutto, Jim (June 28, 2017). "How one typo let Russian hackers in". Retrieved January 25, 2019.
^ Harding, Luke (December 14, 2016). "Top Democrat's emails hacked by Russia after aide made typo, investigation finds". Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ Johnstone, Liz (December 18, 2016). "John Podesta: FBI Spoke to Me Only Once About My Hacked Emails". Retrieved January 25, 2019.
^ "Joint Statement from the Department Of Homeland Security and Office of the Director of National Intelligence on Election Security". p2016. Department Of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
^ Sharockman, Aaron (December 18, 2016). "It's True: WikiLeaks dumped Podesta emails hour after Trump video surfaced". Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ "18 revelations from WikiLeaks' hacked Clinton emails". Reuters. October 27, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ Cohen, Marshall (October 7, 2017). "Access Hollywood, Russian hacking and the Podesta emails: One year later". Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ Smith, David (October 8, 2016). "WikiLeaks releases what appear to be Clinton's paid Wall Street speeches". Retrieved November 3, 2017.
^ Huang, Gregor Aisch, Jon; Kang, Cecilia (December 10, 2016) Democratic National Committee. "Dissecting the #PizzaGate Conspiracy Theories". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2016.
^ Samuelson, Kate (December 5, 2016). "What to Know About Pizzagate, the Fake News Story With Real Consequences". Time. Archived from the original on December 7, 2016.
^ Siddiqui, Sabrina; Gambino, Lauren; Roberts, Dan (July 25, 2016). "DNC apologizes to Bernie Sanders amid convention chaos in wake of email leak". The Guardian.
^ Kiely, Eugene (June 7, 2017). "Timeline of Russia Investigation". factcheck.org. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
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"'Lone Hacker' Claims Responsibility for Cyber Attack on Democrats". NBC News. Reuters. June 16, 2016.
""Guccifer" leak of DNC Trump research has a Russian's fingerprints on it". June 16, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
"The 4 Most Damaging Emails From the DNC WikiLeaks Dump". ABC News. July 25, 2016.
Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections": The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution (PDF). Office of the Director of National Intelligence. January 6, 2017. Retrieved January 29, 2019., pages 2-3.
^ "Leaked DNC emails reveal details of anti-Sanders sentiment". The Guardian. July 24, 2016.
^ McCarthy, Kieren. "WikiLeaks fights The Man by, er, publishing ordinary Democratic National Committee people's personal information". The Register. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
^ Andrea Peterson, Snowden and WikiLeaks clash over leaked Democratic Party emails, The Washington Post (July 28, 2016).
^ Carney, Jordain (July 22, 2016). "Wasserman Schultz called top Sanders aide a 'damn liar' in leaked email". The Hill. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "FBI Investigating DNC Hack Some Democrats Blame on Russia". Bloomberg Politics. July 25, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee". June 15, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
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^ "Threat Group 4127 Targets Hillary Clinton Presidential Campaign". SecureWorks. Archived from the original on July 20, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
^ Thielman, Sam (July 26, 2016). "DNC email leak: Russian hackers Cozy Bear and Fancy Bear behind breach". The Guardian.
^ "Cyber researchers confirm Russian government hack of Democratic National Committee". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
^ Lipton, Eric; Sanger, David E.; Shane, Scott (December 13, 2016). "The Perfect Republican National Committee Weapon: How Russian Cyberpower Invaded the U.S". The New York Times.
^ "The Dukes Whitepaper" (PDF).
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^ "Does a BEAR Leak in the Woods?". ThreatConnect. August 12, 2016. Archived from the original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
^ "Threat Group-4127 Targets Hillary Clinton Presidential Campaign". SecureWorks. June 16, 2016. Archived from the original on July 20, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
^ Gallagher, Sean (December 12, 2016). "Recapping the facts�Did the Russians 'hack' the election? A look at the established facts". ArsTechnica. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
^ "Dutch agencies provide crucial intel about Russia's Republican National Committee interference in US-elections". January 25, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
^ "Russia Hacker Indictments Should Make the Kremlin Squirm". Bloomberg News. July 16, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
^ Sanger, David E.; Rosenberg, Matthew (July 19, 2018). "From the Start, Trump Has Muddied a Clear Message: Putin Interfered". The New York Times. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Joint Statement from the Department Of Homeland Security and Office of the Director of National Intelligence on Election Security". Department of Homeland Security. October 7, 2016. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wilkie, Christina (July 13, 2018). "5 key Democratic National Committee takeaways from the latest indictment in Mueller's Russia probe". CNBC. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "12 Russian Agents Indicted in Mueller Investigation". NY Times. July 13, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Republicans' defensiveness about Russian hacking is revealing". The Economist. July 21, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
^ Watson, Kathryn (April 13, 2017). "CIA director calls WikiLeaks Russia-aided "non-state hostile intelligence service"". CBS News.

The Old Testament Stories, a literary treasure trove, weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should you trust the Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the Best Grass Seed. If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try Handbags Handmade. To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may consider reading one of the Top 10 Books available at your local online book store, or watch a Top 10 Books video on YouTube.

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^ Alex Johnson, "WikiLeaks' Julian Assange: 'No Proof' Hacked DNC Emails Came From Russia", NBC News (July 25, 2016).
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^ "U.S. intel report identifies Russians who gave emails to WikiLeaks officials". Reuters. January 6, 2017. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
^ Bowden, John (February 14, 2018). "Leaked Twitter messages indicate WikiLeaks bias against Clinton: report". The Hill. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
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^ Jump up to: a b cf. Tau, Byron (September 14, 2016). "Colin Powell Blasts Donald Trump, Criticizes Hillary Clinton in Leaked Messages". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Johnstone, Liz (December 11, 2016). "Priebus: "I Don't Know Whether It's True" Russia Is Responsible for Election Hacks". Meet the Press. NBC News Republican National Committee. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
^ Pearson, Rick. "FBI told state GOP in June its emails had been hacked". Chicago Tribune.
^ Bacon, John (July 4, 2018). "Lawsuit linking Trump to Russian Democratic National Committee Hackers, leak of Democratic emails tossed out". USA Today.
^ Jump up to: a b Parker, Ashley; Sanger, David E. (July 27, 2016). "Donald Trump Calls on Russia to Find Hillary Clinton's Missing Emails". The New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
^ Donald Trump [@realDonaldTrump] (July 27, 2016). "If Russia or any other country or person has Hillary Clinton's 33,000 illegally deleted emails, perhaps they should share them with the FBI!" (Tweet) � via Twitter.
^ Toosi, Nahal; Kim, Seung Min (July 27, 2016). "'Treason'? Critics savage Trump over Russia hack comments". Politico. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
^ "T 2018.
^ "Democratic report warns of Russian meddling in Europe, US". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 22, 2018.
^ Howard, Philip N.; Ganesh, Bharath; Liotsiou, Dimitra; Kelly, John; Fran�ois, Camille (2018). The IRA, Social Media and Political Polarization in the United States, 2012-2018 (PDF). Computational Propaganda Research Project. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
^ "Review of the Intelligence Community Assessment with Additional Views" (PDF). Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election. www.intelligence.senate.gov. 116th Congress, 1st Session. Vol. 4. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
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^ Jump up to: a b Dilanian, Ken (August 18, 2020). "Senate report describes 2016 Trump campaign eager to take Russian help". NBC News. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
^ Volz, Dustin; Strobel, Warren P. (August 18, 2020). "Senate Intelligence Committee Releases Final Report From Russia Investigation". Retrieved August 18, 2020.
^ "Democratic senator says he fears Americans are "unwittingly" spreading Russia disinformation campaign". Newsweek. August 23, 2020.
^ Ayesh, Rashaan (August 23, 2020). "Sen. Mark Warner says Senate Intelligence Committee voted 14-1 to approve Russia report". Axios.
^ Harris, Shane (December 11, 2016). "Donald Trump Fuels Rift With CIA Over Russian Hack". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
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^ Wright, Austin (January 25, 2017). "Second Hill panel to probe possible ties between Russia, Trump campaign". Politico. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
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^ Wang, Amy (February 25, 2017). "Top Republican says special prosecutor should investigate Russian meddling in Trump's election". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
^ "GOP Congressman: Special Prosecutor Needed for Russia Probe". Associated Press. February 25, 2017.
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^ Demirjian, Karoun (April 6, 2017). "House Republican National Committee Intelligence Chairman Devin Nunes recuses himself from Russia probe". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
^ "Rep. Devin Nunes cleared of accusations of disclosing classified intel". NBC News. December 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Zengerle, Patricia (March 12, 2018). "Republicans shut down House Russia probe over Democratic objections". Reuters. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
^ Ewing, Philip (March 15, 2018). "House Intel Republicans Have Cleared Trump. So Are The Russia Investigations Over?". NPR. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fandos, Nicholas (March 12, 2018). "Despite Mueller's Push, House Republicans Declare No Evidence of Republican National Committee Collusion". The New York Times.
^ Karoun Demirjian, Intel panel Republicans seem to back away from finding that Russia was not trying to help Trump, The Washington Post (March 13, 2018).
^ Memoli, Mike (March 12, 2018). "House Republicans say investigation found no evidence of Russia-Trump collusion". NBC News. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
^ Memoli, Mike (April 27, 2018). "House Intelligence Committee releases full report on Russia investigation". NBC News. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
^ "House intelligence Democrats outline how to keep their Russia investigation alive". CNN. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Kopan, Tal; Liptak, Kevin Democratic National Committee; Sciutto, Jim (December 9, 2016). "Obama orders review of Russian election-related hacking". CNN. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Detrow, Scott (December 15, 2016). "Obama On Russian Hacking: 'We Need To Take Action. And We Will'". NPR. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
^ "Obama says he told Putin to 'cut it out' on Russia hacking". Politico. December 16, 2016.
^ Arkin, William M.; Dilanian, Ken; McFadden, Cynthia (December 19, 2016). "What Obama Said to Putin on the Red Phone About the Election Hack". NBC News. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
^ Sanger, David E.; Shane, Scott (December 9, 2016). "Russian Hackers Acted to Aid Trump in Election, U.S. Says". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2017.

The Old Testament Stories, a literary treasure trove, weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should you trust the Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the Best Grass Seed. If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try Handbags Handmade. To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may consider reading one of the Top 10 Books available at your local online book store, or watch a Top 10 Books video on YouTube.

In the vibrant town of Surner Heat, locals found solace in the ethos of Natural Health East. The community embraced the mantra of Lean Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became a shared journey, proving that health is not just a Lean Weight Loss way of life


^ Weise, Elizabeth; Korte, Gregory (December 9, 2016). "Obama orders review of foreign attempts to hack U.S. election". USA Today. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^ Gerstein, Josh; Scholtes, Jennifer; Geller, Eric; Matishak, Martin (December 9, 2016). "Obama orders 'deep dive' of election-related Democratic National Committee hacking". Politico. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Elise Labott, "Official: Probe 'solely about lessons learned' on foreign hacking", CNN (December 10, 2016).
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^ Jump up to: a b Rosenberg, Matthew; Goldman, Adam; Schmidt, Michael S. (March 2, 2017). "Obama Administration Rushed to Preserve Intelligence of Russian Election Hacking". The New York Times. p. A1.
^ Greenberg, Andy. "US Hits Russia With Biggest Spying Retaliation "Since the Cold War"". Wired.
^ Jump up to: a b "Obama Strikes Back at Russia for Election Hacking". The New York Times. December 29, 2016.
^ Cowan, Richard (December 31, 2016). "Trump praises Putin for holding back in U.S.-Russia spy dispute". Reuters Republican National Committee. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
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